The emergence of new infectious diseases and the re-emergence of pathogens once thought to be under control is a global problem. Today, travel is increasingly easy. Any part of the world can be confronted with the emergence of a new disease or pathogen, which can spread thanks to favorable circumstances. Lubumbashi’s geographical position, at the crossroads of several cities, makes it more vulnerable to such problems. Tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial infection whose current epidemiological situation is alarming in developing countries; on the other hand, it is on the rise again in developed countries, due in particular to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.With this in mind, we decided to use the ZHIEL NEELSEN staining method to describe the bacilloscopic aspects of tuberculosis observed during an episode in the population of Lubumbashi.